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It was
remarkable how the ships so often kept pace with one another over a
distance of some 15,700 miles. Leaving China together they might not
see one another for ninety days or so until, nearing the English
Channel in the first light of dawn, they would perhaps find themselves
again in company.
The approach to the entrance to the Channel was another hazard which
many ships failed to overcome. From the Bay of Biscay the tea clippers'
route was either northwards to Liverpool or eastwards for London. To
quote from a Channel pilot's guidebook of the 1830s The New Seaman's
Guide and Coaster's Companion,
Ships coming into the Channel ought always if possible to make the land
about the Lizard: for should they afterwards have thick weather, they
will know how to steer and how advance up the Channel-when coming from
the southward into the Channel in thick weather and light winds, they
frequently get much to the northward of account, and fall into the
Bristol Channel. In running up the course from the Lizard to the Start
go not into less water than 40 fathoms, for 35 fathoms are in the
stream of the Eddystone and you will by keeping without that depth go
quite clear of that danger. By being too far to the southward and
mistaking the Casket Lights at first sight for those ofPortland, has
often proved fatal and occasioned the loss of many ships upon the
dangers adjacent.
However if the wind was favourable and the weather clear, the last leg
up the Channel was often an exciting finale calling for the utmost
endeavour and seamanship. Tugboats would be ignored as long as
possible, and maybe a clipper could pass the Goodwins, round the
headland at Margate and be well past the ancient Reculvers marks up the
Thames estuary before taking a tow. Towards either destination, as soon
as a ship was sighted at a semaphore signal station a message would be
relayed from hilltop to hilltop in a matter of a few seconds to the
owners in either London or Liverpool. Heading for Liverpool the first
sighting would be made at Holyhead and by means of a semaphore
telegraph consisting of six movable arms on a pole, which could
transmit a number code, a message could be sent to Liverpool 72 miles
away in about 15 seconds, the record being 9 seconds. This was by way
of nine intermediate stations, the last one being on a hill overlooking
the town, where a series of flagpoles would each fly an owner's flag as
soon as their vessel entered the river.
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